Higher mass stars do not expand beyond blue supergiants. Supergiants are stars that have evolved away from the main sequence after exhausting the hydrogen in their cores. They are supergiant stars of spectral types B or A.

In the field of stellar evolution, a blue loop is a stage in the life of an evolved star where it changes from a cool star to a hotter one before cooling again.

With their output peaking in the middle of the visual range, these are the most visually bright stars known with absolute magnitudes around −9 or −9.5 . They are sometimes referred to as cool hypergiants in comparison with O- and B-type stars, and sometimes as warm hypergiants in comparison with red supergiants.

[10], The masses of yellow supergiants vary greatly, from less than the sun for stars such as W Virginis to 20 M☉ or more (e.g.

They have luminosity class I and spectral class B9 or earlier.

[5] The neutral oxygen lines, such as the 777.3 nm triplet, have also been used since they are extremely sensitive to luminosity across a wide range of spectral types. [13], Two distinct types of Cepheid variable have been identified, which have different period-luminosity relationships: Classical Cepheid variables are young massive population I stars; type II Cepheids are older population II stars with low masses, including W Virginis variables, BL Herculis variables and RV Tauri variables. The Austin, Texas alt-rock group gives fans their most focused work yet. The most luminous red supergiants may execute multiple "blue loops", shedding much of their atmosphere, but without actually ever reaching the blue supergiant stage, each one taking only a few decades at most. At the bistability jump which occurs around 21,000K blue supergiant winds become several times denser and could be result in an even cooler pseudo-photosphere. However, a handful of supernovae have been associated with apparent yellow supergiant progenitors that are not luminous enough to be post-red supergiants. We Know Happy People by Yellow Supergiant Gli Yellow Supergiant sono un trio dalla provincia di Vicenza nato nel 2012: Alberto Munarini al basso, Gianluca Manzardo alla batteria e Gabriele Leoni al synth e la chitarra. "Physical parameters of red supergiants in dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Group".

When these stars cross the instability strip they will pulsate as short period Cepheids.

A yellow supergiant staris a star, generally of spectral typeF or G, having a supergiantluminosity class (e.g.

Most yellow supergiants are cooling and expanding rapidly towards red supergiants after leaving the main sequence, spending only a few thousand years in that phase, and so are much less common than red supergiants. The term "hypergiant" was used as early as 1929, but not for the stars currently known as hypergiants. [15], These stars are doubly rare because they are very massive, initially hot class O-type main-sequence stars more than 15 times as massive as the Sun, but also because they spend only a few thousand years in the unstable yellow void phase of their lives. Here all absorption lines should be strongly broadened, beyond those expected of bright supergiant stars, and also show strong evidence of significant mass loss. More commonly, hypergiants are classed as Ia-0 or Ia+, but red supergiants are rarely assigned these spectral classifications. Alpha Cygni variables are variable stars which exhibit non-radial pulsations, meaning that some portions of the stellar surface are contracting at the same time other parts expand. They then fuse core helium on the horizontal branch with luminosities too low to be considered supergiants. Most yellow supergiants observed in the instability strip are Cepheid variables, named for δ Cephei, which pulsate with well-defined periods that are related to their luminosities.

[22], It is expected that first-time yellow supergiants mature to the red supergiant stage without any supernova.

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