There was, however, one tall, dry-looking old gentleman, with beetling eyebrows, who maintained a grave and rather severe face throughout, now and then folding his arms, inclining his head, and looking down upon the floor, as if turning a doubt over in his mind. After the dance, Ichabod endeavors to further court Katrina on the hopes that their dance together was a sign of interest on her side. He would delight them equally by his anecdotes of witchcraft, and of the direful omens and portentous sights and sounds in the air, which prevailed in the earlier times of Connecticut; and would frighten them woefully with speculations upon comets and shooting stars; and with the alarming fact that the world did absolutely turn round, and that they were half the time topsy-turvy! Away, then, they dashed through thick and thin; stones flying and sparks flashing at every bound. Owl Eyes is an improved reading and annotating experience for classrooms, book clubs, and literature lovers. The next morning the old horse was found without his saddle, and with the bridle under his feet, soberly cropping the grass at his master's gate. Ichabod, who had no relish for this strange midnight companion, and bethought himself of the adventure of Brom Bones with the Galloping Hessian, now quickened his steed in hopes of leaving him behind. This tale was originally published in 1820 as part of Irving’s larger work The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, which contains other notables short stories such as “Rip Van Winkle.” Since “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is included in this collection, Irving uses several layers of narration to relate events: Diedrich Knickerbocker’s story is told to us by Geoffrey Crayon and all are penned by Irving. Sleepy Hollow Cemetery. He was, moreover, esteemed by the women as a man of great erudition, for he had read several books quite through, and was a perfect master of Cotton Mather's "History of New England Witchcraft," in which, by the way, he most firmly and potently believed. In his devouring mind's eye, he pictured to himself every roasting-pig running about with a pudding in his belly, and an apple in his mouth; the pigeons were snugly put to bed in a comfortable pie, and tucked in with a coverlet of crust; the geese were swimming in their own gravy; and the ducks pairing cosily in dishes, like snug married couples, with a decent competency of onion sauce.

An old spelling of “roistering,” the verb “royster” refers to the act of celebrating loudly and boisterously. It is a great triumph of skill to gain the former, but a still greater proof of generalship to maintain possession of the latter, for man must battle for his fortress at every door and window. He who wins a thousand common hearts is therefore entitled to some renown; but he who keeps undisputed sway over the heart of a coquette is indeed a hero. To turn and fly was now too late; and besides, what chance was there of escaping ghost or goblin, if such it was, which could ride upon the wings of the wind? How often did he shrink with curdling awe at the sound of his own steps on the frosty crust beneath his feet; and dread to look over his shoulder, lest he should behold some uncouth being tramping close behind him!

Full text of "The legend of Sleepy Hollow" See other formats.^^•v 0^ .V-'. He rode with short stirrups, which brought his knees nearly up to the pommel of the saddle; his sharp elbows stuck out like grasshoppers'; he carried his whip perpendicularly in his hand, like a sceptre, and as his horse jogged on, the motion of his arms was not unlike the flapping of a pair of wings. The basic story is that Chanticleer, a proud rooster, is forewarned about capture by a predator, usually a fox. There was the honest cock robin, the favorite game of stripling sportsmen, with its loud querulous note; and the twittering blackbirds flying in sable clouds; and the golden-winged woodpecker with his crimson crest, his broad black gorget, and splendid plumage; and the cedar bird, with its red-tipt wings and yellow-tipt tail and its little monteiro cap of feathers; and the blue jay, that noisy coxcomb, in his gay light blue coat and white underclothes, screaming and chattering, nodding and bobbing and bowing, and pretending to be on good terms with every songster of the grove. His haunts are not confined to the valley, but extend at times to the adjacent roads, and especially to the vicinity of a church at no great distance. If ever I should wish for a retreat whither I might steal from the world and its distractions, and dream quietly away the remnant of a troubled life, I know of none more promising than this little valley.

Compare this description of Brom Bones to that of Ichabod Crane. It was connected with the tragical story of the unfortunate André, who had been taken prisoner hard by; and was universally known by the name of Major André's tree. His only resource on such occasions, either to drown thought or drive away evil spirits, was to sing psalm tunes and the good people of Sleepy Hollow, as they sat by their doors of an evening, were often filled with awe at hearing his nasal melody, "in linked sweetness long drawn out," floating from the distant hill, or along the dusky road. Taverns also have a negative connotation, as people sometimes escape their problems by slipping into a world of alcohol and easy social graces. He physically looks like a crane, a large bird, because he has long, spindly limbs like a crane’s legs. They allied with the Mongol Empire, greatly expanding their territory in Asia. Irving’s “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is set some number of years following the American Revolutionary War. He seldom, it is true, sent either his eyes or his thoughts beyond the boundaries of his own farm; but within those everything was snug, happy and well-conditioned. On a fine autumnal afternoon, Ichabod, in pensive mood, sat enthroned on the lofty stool from whence he usually watched all the concerns of his little literary realm. This passage suggests that Ichabod Crane only assists others when it benefits him—in this case, he only walks home students who have attractive sisters or mothers who can provide him with food.

Historically, the term “Tartar” referred to any of the nomadic peoples from the land of Tartary, which included present-day Siberia, Mongolia, and Manchuria, among other areas. This phrase in particular offers an example of assonance.

Thus, though Brom is a hero, he is not without flaws. He repeated his demand in a still more agitated voice. Besides, there is no encouragement for ghosts in most of our villages, for they have scarcely had time to finish their first nap and turn themselves in their graves, before their surviving friends have travelled away from the neighborhood; so that when they turn out at night to walk their rounds, they have no acquaintance left to call upon.

Let it suffice to say, Ichabod stole forth with the air of one who had been sacking a henroost, rather than a fair lady's heart. Find full texts with expert analysis in our extensive library. he had much ado to maintain his seat; sometimes slipping on one side, sometimes on another, and sometimes jolted on the high ridge of his horse's backbone, with a violence that he verily feared would cleave him asunder.

The adverb “peradventure” is another word for “perhaps,” expressing a hypothetical or uncertain possibility.

A pleasing land of drowsy head it was,     Of dreams that wave before the half-shut eye;     And of gay castles in the clouds that pass,     Forever flushing round a summer sky.

The image of a single star is an ancient symbol for one’s goal, hope, or aim. The noun “glen” refers to a narrow valley, often in the shape of a “U,” while the adjective “sequestered” is another word for isolated. Saardam is an antiquated name for the city of Zaandam, in the northern reaches of the Netherlands. Then, as he wended his way by swamp and stream and awful woodland, to the farmhouse where he happened to be quartered, every sound of nature, at that witching hour, fluttered his excited imagination,--the moan of the whip-poor-will from the hillside, the boding cry of the tree toad, that harbinger of storm, the dreary hooting of the screech owl, or the sudden rustling in the thicket of birds frightened from their roost. Ichabod only lingered behind, according to the custom of country lovers, to have a tête-à-tête with the heiress; fully convinced that he was now on the high road to success. A “swain” can generally refer to a young man, and additionally from this context it also refers to country or farm laborers. Farther on he beheld great fields of Indian corn, with its golden ears peeping from their leafy coverts, and holding out the promise of cakes and hasty- pudding; and the yellow pumpkins lying beneath them, turning up their fair round bellies to the sun, and giving ample prospects of the most luxurious of pies; and anon he passed the fragrant buckwheat fields breathing the odor of the beehive, and as he beheld them, soft anticipations stole over his mind of dainty slapjacks, well buttered, and garnished with honey or treacle, by the delicate little dimpled hand of Katrina Van Tassel. The imagery is that of an Edenic, romantic-era landscape painting, with a simple valley divided by a brook and populated only by quail and woodpecker. Just at this moment a plashy tramp by the side of the bridge caught the sensitive ear of Ichabod. As Ichabod jogged slowly on his way, his eye, ever open to every symptom of culinary abundance, ranged with delight over the treasures of jolly autumn.

The cognomen of Crane was not inapplicable to his person. We can read this description of Crane’s punishments two ways. Crane’s saddle is inconveniently falling off, adding another dimension to the suspense of the chase. Just then the shadowy object of alarm put itself in motion, and with a scramble and a bound stood at once in the middle of the road. Just then he heard the black steed panting and blowing close behind him; he even fancied that he felt his hot breath. The dominant spirit, however, that haunts this enchanted region, and seems to be commander-in-chief of all the powers of the air, is the apparition of a figure on horseback, without a head. He was famed for great knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as a Tartar. From this piazza the wondering Ichabod entered the hall, which formed the centre of the mansion, and the place of usual residence. This conflict between intellectual pursuits and physical labor will continue to be complicated throughout the story. In the dark shadow of the grove, on the margin of the brook, he beheld something huge, misshapen and towering. It is no longer in popular use. Book from Project Gutenberg: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Library of Congress Classification: PS Charitably considered, it suggests that Crane is sensitive to his students, making sure he doesn’t hurt any of them. Ichabod became the object of whimsical persecution to Bones and his gang of rough riders. This singing is both a release of nervous energy as well as an invocation of divine protection in the face of danger and evil. This road leads through a sandy hollow shaded by trees for about a quarter of a mile, where it crosses the bridge famous in goblin story; and just beyond swells the green knoll on which stands the whitewashed church. Fain would I pause to dwell upon the world of charms that burst upon the enraptured gaze of my hero, as he entered the state parlor of Van Tassel's mansion. He had three or four boon companions, who regarded him as their model, and at the head of whom he scoured the country, attending every scene of feud or merriment for miles round. Then, he thought, how soon he'd turn his back upon the old schoolhouse; snap his fingers in the face of Hans Van Ripper, and every other niggardly patron, and kick any itinerant pedagogue out of doors that should dare to call him comrade!

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